Voltage and energy control in distribution systems in the presence of flexible loads considering coordinated charging of electric vehicles

چکیده مقاله

Maintaining a desirable energy and voltage profile in large-scale power distribution systems has been remained a challenging concern particularly due to the rushing arrival of uncertainties and high proliferation of intermittent renewables. This challenge has been exacerbated by an increased interest in the adoption of highly-uncertain electric vehicle (EV) loads as distributed energy storage (DES) devices since the owners' attitudes and EV's charging and discharging patterns are radically random. In this paper, in addition to the stochastic modeling of the random behavior of EV's charging patterns, EVs' charging statuses are optimally coordinated to support the control of voltage and energy in the system with the adaptive deployment of controllable loads. Moreover, fast and normal charging modes of EVs and the corresponding charging and discharging challenges to the grid are investigated. Distinct scenarios of EVs-only and EV-controllable loads are proposed and investigated through solving an optimization problem. In doing so, improved mixed real and binary vector-based swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the distribution system's operation while addressing the impacts of EVs' coordination on energy and voltage control (EVC). The efficiency and applicability of the proposed algorithm are tested and verified on the IEEE 69-bus and 119-bus test systems.